ASIS CPP "Investigation " Flashcards Help in Exam

 ASIS CPP "Investigation "

Flashcards Help in Exam

Investigation: fact-finding searching, examining, observing, collecting, and studying in order to respond to an inquiry or problem so a hypothesis or conclusion can be drawn

Personnel costs: principle cost of investigations

3 tools: information, interviewing, instrumentation

3 investigative goals: ID parties involved, ID information sources, present evidence

3 types: applicant/background, incident investigations, administrative inquiries

5 investigative elements: objectivity, thorough, relevance, accuracy, timeliness

6 questions: who, what, where, when, how, and why

2 Purpose: Thoroughly documenting, identifying suspect

5 qualities: Objectivity, thoroughness, relevance, accuracy & timeliness

3 key points: Open soon, complete quick & avoid premature closing

3 goals: Identify parties involved, identify sources with information & present evidentiary factors to support

6 objectives: who? what? where? when? why? & how?

3 Tools (3Is): Information, Interrogation & instrumentation

4 techniques: Interview & interrogation, record / database checks, surveillance & computer forensic

Purpose: Protect interest of employing enterprise

Management issues: organizing for investigations, managing investigations at strategic, operational & case levels

Goals: Consistent with parent organization’s strategic direction

Significant issue: Ethics

Investigative budget: Difficult to predict

Investigative Unit (IU): Privacy & Secure storage space

IU factors: Company’s mission, size, and scope

Liaison: Most significant force multiplier in investigative function

Establishing liaison contacts: Professional and civic association

Background investigations: advise applicant, and secure permission

Pre-employment: intended to determine character, experience, and past practices

Inhibitors: various laws and court decisions regarding techniques and/or instruments

Post-employment (current): determining promotion or transfer appropriateness

Both Background investigations: Pre-employment: are governed by industry practices, statutory rules, and common law

Statement of release: to be executed prior to any investigative activities

Disclosure to interviewees: “inquiry is in connection with a position of trust”

Rule of ten: one in ten applications will have major omissions

7 major: claims, misconduct, explosion/arson, sabotage, theft, traffic, and undercover

Interviews: start with those not likely to be available for later interview

Best questioning approach: believing a suspect is innocent until proven guilty

Hostile interviewee: conduct the interview in the security office near end of investigation

Personal contact investigation is the best technique significant/sensitive claims

Information to be obtained: statements of material witnesses, claimants, and witnesses

Statements: narrative, and question/answer

Indexing: single most important administrative control in investigations

Misconduct Investigations Designed to determine violations of company rules/policies and/or state/federal laws

NLRB v. Weingartten: union representative to be present if requested by union member

Epilepsy foundation of northeast Ohio: provides “Weingartten” for non-union employees

Discretion: essential in an employee misconduct investigation

Internal investigative techniques: selected interviews, searches, surveillance, CI, photos, record checks

Indicators of substance abuse: absenteeism, accidents, arrests, reports from others

Embezzlement contributors: extravagance, wagering/substance abuse, associates

Embezzlement countermeasures: disciplined environment with audits/safeguards

Fraud forms: employee application/records, accident/injury claims, expense reporting

Accident/injury fraud: most difficult; no effective preventative measure

Gambling investigations: investigator to cooperate at local/county/state/federal levels

Explosion: a sudden, violent, and noisy gaseous expansion

3 explosion categories: flash fire, explosions, detonations (compounded explosions)

5 fundamental explosions: boiler, flammable gas, chemical, dust, nuclear

Low explosive s: black powder, smokeless powder, nitrocellulose

High (self-consume): nitro, dynamite, picric acid (yellow crystal), mercury, lead

Arson motives: economic, personal satisfaction, sabotage, pyromania, concealment

Fires: all to be investigated regardless of size

Fire triangle: oxygen, heat, and fuel

Plant: devise designed to ignite combustible material after initiating action

3 Types of explosions: Mechanical, Chemical & nuclear

Key motives: Economic, personal, sabotage, pyromania

Pyromania: An irresistible desire to start fires

Sabotage suspected: Notify law enforcement, preserve evidence

Motives of sabotage: disgruntled employee, union conflict, outside contractor, organized crime, foreign manipulation & rioting

Key elements of effective loss prevention: Preventive aids, prompt reporting, prompt action, prosecution & remedial actions

Who is or Better Whois: Computer forensic common tools

Competitive intelligence: A form of espionage but legal

Sabotage: obstruct the purpose of the organization (hard to prove/ fire is most common)

Sabotage motives: disgruntled employee, union, contractor, OC, foreign, rioting

Key information: serial/model numbers, distinctive marks, value

Key documentation: shipping/transfer/inventory, ownership, date/time of discovery, to whom reported, exact location of loss, circumstances (e.g., forced entry), extent of search, internal control/security measures contributing to theft

Phase 1 (emergency): care, control hazards (fire/traffic), drivers/witnesses, and evidence

Phase 2: conduct interviews, condition of vehicles, photos, hospitals/tow yards, weather/road conditions, traffic control devices, contributors, examine tire marks, etc.

Surveillance: secretive observation of persons/places/things to obtain information

Surveillance: legal in most jurisdictions, but must stop short of invasion of privacy

2 types of surveillance: physical (human) and technical (electronic)

Requirements: Investigator must be known to the population must fit logically to assignment

2 control scheme: control person & control plan

Communication: Operative initiate contacts (daily)

5 phases: Planning & preparation, information gathering, verification & analysis, disciplinary & corrective actions, prevention & education

Telephone surveillance: not normally used in a gambling investigation conducted by a proprietary investigative force

Undercover: willingness, self-confidence, resourceful/adaptable, patience, judgment

3 most common undercover techniques: informants, surveillance, and operative

Start/Close: when and how to start/close an undercover operation is critical

Potential problems: injury, exposure, Unfair Labor Practices, Civil Actions for Damage

Credible cover: the most important aspect of an undercover operation

Due process requirements: if law enforcement has been invited to participate

Evidence for prosecution: not a requirement for undercover investigation

Problems with UI: injury, exposure, unfair labor practice, civil actions for damage, new bargaining issue

Termination: Without exposing

Removing an operative: Kept in as long as possible

Questioned document: genuineness is questioned due to origin, authenticity, age, or circumstances under which the document was written

Exemplar: a document duplicating the text of a questioned document in order to show that it is the product of a particular person or machine (e.g., handwriting/typewriter)

Written statements: affidavit, Q/A, non-sworn, and memorandum of interview

Chain of custody: chronological written record of evidence custody

Real evidence: speaks for itself (e.g., fingerprints)

Physical evidence: articles/materials that aid in identifying a suspect or the circumstances of a crime

Evidence gathering: obtain, mark, wrap/package/protect, establish chain of custody

Evidence categories: movable, fixed, fragile

Relevant evidence: relates directly to the investigation

Immaterial evidence: no relevance or importance to investigation

Competent evidence: responsible evidence

Documentary evidence: best type of evidence

Acid phosphate test: semen enzyme found in large quantity

Walker test: locates nitrates on skin/clothing (i.e., proximity to discharged firearm)

Henry fingerprint system: designating numerical values to fingers by studying ridges, loops, whorls

Kinesics: study of body language based on behavioral patterns of non verbal communication

Semantics: study of words, meanings, and human interaction through communication

Social engineering: subtle elicitation of information without revealing the true purpose of call

Alligatoring: charred wood in scaled pattern

Craze lines: pattern of thin irregular lines in glass exposed to high temperatures

Hackle marks: minute irregular lines on the edge of broken glass caused by sudden/powerful force

2 rules of handling: Photograph or sketch & restrict handling

3 classes: Direct, circumstantial and real

Real evidence: Speaks itself

2 basic category: Direct & indirect

Physical evidence: Visible or trace evidence

Dealt by: Forensic professional

Identification: marking or tagging, CS description

Evidence integrity: Not altered, kept in its original condition & change can be explained

Testimonial evidence: Obtained by communication

Trace evidence: Collected with forceps, placed in bottles

Blood stained materials: Not stored in air tight containers

Interviewing: general to specific of a person believed to have relevant information

Principle tool of interviewing: questions

Interrogation (confrontational interview): questioning of a suspect or reluctant person

Coercion: to compel by force

Duress: physical hardship

Psychological constraint: unlawful restraint by instilling fear

Ready, willing, able suspects: not to be interrogated

Notes: taking notes during the interrogation can disrupt the interrogator’s rhythm

Deception detectors: polygraph or psychological (voice) stress evaluation

Polygraphs: may be used in ongoing investigation of certain kinds of workplace crimes, or pre-employment screening of certain prospective employee candidates

Polygraphs: accuracy depends upon the professional capabilities of the investigator accuracy depends upon the professional capabilities of the investigator

Control questions: base-line questions in polygraph

Key of investigative process: Investigator’s ability to interview

3 types of interview: General, informational & administrative

2 types of interrogation: Confrontational & investigatory

Suspect: Believed to have committed offense

Witness: Other than suspect

8 Classification of informants: one time, occasional, employee, anonymous, criminal, personal, mentally disturbed & control informants

Criminal informants: Provides information in exchange of something (quid pro quo)

Quid pro quo: Something for something

Control informants: Directly involved in the activities under investigation

4 objectives of interview: Obtain valuable facts, eliminate innocent, identify the guilty & obtain a confession

3 Preparation of an interview: gathering information, planning the interview & subject factors

5 planning for interview: Location, time factors, questioning order, question to ask, person present

5 subject factors: Intoxication, physical / psychological condition, prejudice, perception, age

5 stages of interview: Familiarity with case, interviewee’s background, ,beginning, gathering information & endings

Effective communication: Organized, active listener, avoiding obstacles, patient, flexible & tenacious

4 basic techniques: ask to think, report everything, recall events, change perspective

Supportive setting: Subject’s home or office

Non supportive: Hotel suite, management or security office

2 device to detect deception: Psychological stress evaluation, polygraph

Polygraph prevention act: Employee Polygraph Prevention Act of 1988

3 defense mechanism: projection, minimization & identification

3 non-verbal communication: behavior analysis, non verbal response, comparative postures

BAI: evaluation of subject’s verbal & non verbal behavior

Lie signs: Evasive answers

Indicative truth: direct & offers general denials

6 Rights of interviewees: Weingarten rule, statement & confession, promises & guarantees, duress, consent & access to meal/rest room

Weingarten rule: Special right of union employees

Information source: database, evidence, real & historic

Principal resource: people, information, credibility, physical assets and financial assets

Requirements: training, relationships, communications & financial resources

Information: Lifeblood of investigative mission

Intelligence information: Check your own file first

Coroner’s office: the best source when investigating a homicide or suicide

Bureau of Vital Statistics: marriage licenses

8 informant types: one-time, occasional, employee, anonymous, criminal, personal, mental, controlled

AFIS: automatic fingerprint identification system

AIMS: arson information management system

Blood evidence storage: 40 – 50 degrees

4 spatial zones: public (>=12ft.), social (1-12 ft.), personal (1.5 to 4 ft.), intimate (< 1.5 ft.)

Secretors: persons whose non-blood fluids contain substances similar to red blood cells; 75% of pop

Gunshot primer residue (GSR): test for antimony and barium found on persons/articles within 10 ft.of discharge (note: .22 cal ammunition might not contain either antimony or barium)

Homicide facts: 50% 8 PM – 2 AM Fri/Sat; 65% w/firearms; 20% knives

Report: Basis for post investigation administrative action

5 basic steps: Gather record & organize the facts, write the report & evaluate if necessary

4 types of report: Initial, progress, special & final

Administrative information: name of the subject, case number, type & status of case, reporting investigator & date of report

2 elements of report: summary, narrative, conclusive & enclosure

Arriving the scene: Initial response & prioritization of efforts

Process the scene: determining team composition, contamination control, documentation, evidence collection

Crime scene search pattern: strip or lane search, grid search, zone search, point to point search, spiral search, clockwise-counter clockwise search

Visual documentation: video tapping & photography: investigative / general

Sketch: Assure complete coverage of the discussed matter

Reference point: From which measurements are made to locate spots or items of investigative interest

Triangulation: A system for locating a spot in an area by measurements from two or more reference points

Finished drawing: Used for trial

4 points to remember: avoid obliterating evidence, distinct mark, include date & mark itself

Blood stains: Dry before packing

Hairs specimen: At least 50

Never: Loose fibers in mailing envelope

Questioned document: Genuineness is questioned

7 accountability of evidence: Who saw first, who touch first, where it was taken, by whom, how was it stored, was the storage area locked, who has the key or access code?

Surveillance: Observing another secretly

Purpose: Information about identities those under investigation

3 categories: Physical (human observation), psychological (behavior analysis), data

Subject: The person being observed

Surveilants: The person conducting the surveillance

Covert: secret without subject’s knowledge, overt: visible & identified

2 types of operation: personal & electronic

Surveillance planning: establish objective, area scrutiny, subject’s background

Surveillance resources: personnel requirements & communication

Personnel requirements: minimum 2 surveillants, familiarity with every steps of operations, incident response plan

Surveillance considerations: privacy issue, recording, surveillance log & record retention period

3 methods: loose, close & combined loose and close

Observation post: Short term (storefront or apartment), long term (rooftop or rented dwelling)

Indoor VS Outdoor: Indoor (max. use of equipments) outdoor (disguised vans / trucks)

Foot surveillance: Best is leapfrogging

Vehicle: Best if used tracer

Audio surveillance: Evasedropping, wiretapping & bugging

Pen register: Record out going calls

Trap and trace: record incoming calls

Field notebook: Maintained by police officer

Moving surveillance: Most difficult type

Confession: Acknowledgement of guilt

Admission: Admit a fact which can tend to guilt

Eavesdropping: Unauthorized listening

Wiretapping: Interception of a communication circuit

Bugging: Interception with an electronic device

Probation: release under certain condition

Parole: release from confinement under certain conditions

Equal pay act 1963: Men & Women pay equally

Age Discrimination in Employment (ADEA) 1967: Prohibits employment discrimination basis of age

Rehabilitation Act of 1973: Hire those with physical or mental handicaps

Americans with Disabilities (ADA) 1990: Prohibits discrimination against disabilities

Family & Medical Leave Act 1993: 12 weeks of unpaid leave